(i) Models of handsets Development of wireless handsets from 1G to 2G were based on the concept of “connecting people”, delivering both voice and text point-to-point communications. Employed technology standard of GSM was incapable of catering broadband speed requirement of data transmission, Hence, phones of that time could not connect to the internet and use …
11.1 Analogue and digital landline communication Transmission of line communication, or cable networking, is conducting electrical signals through solid state media. Currently some places still use analogue phone communication that employs copper cable transmitting modulated sound signals (Fig. 287). Microphone changes voice to electrical analogue signals and transmitted as amplitude modulated wave by using carrier …
From small appliances like toys, credit card readers, keyboards, colour TVs, refrigerators, air-conditioners, microwave ovens to large machines such as cars, industrial auto systems, outdoor advertisement displays, robots and even military missiles, they are not operated by formal OS-based computers. Instead, single chip microcomputers or controllers are used. Single chip microcontroller is an important branch …
9.1 Boolean algebra, logic gate IC, and digital electronic techniques Op-Amp ICs are electronic devices designed for processing analogue signals to perform mathematical functions like multiplications, differentiations, integrations, oscillations etc. Logic gate ICs, on the other hand, are digital electronic devices for processing (0 1) binary bits to perform digital computations based on binary Boolean …
8.1 Understand usage and command sketching of basic electronic components and circuits Name Symbol Function Remark Connecting wire Electric wire For electrical conduction, usaully copper wire enclosed with plastics. Wires connected Circuits thro and connected Wires not connected Circuits not connected Switch SPST toggle switch (OFF), circuit not connected, (ON), circuit connected 1P2T toggle switch …
Commonly used electronic components in instrumental assembly include: a. resistor (fixed or variable), b. light dependent resistor (LDR), c. breadboard, d. universal/printed circuit board, e. light emitting diode (LED), f. Integrated Circuit (IC), g. capacitor, h. inductor, i. transformer, j. rectifier, k. zener diode, l. switch, m. relay, n. plug and socket。 Advised to …
7. An introduction to commonly used electronic components Read More »
The two terms represent two highly professional technologies. We can only do a brief introduction. (a) Analogue signals (i) Characteristics of analogue signals Signals are quantified informations. It can be sound, temperature, velocity, pressure or voltage etc. Analogue signals are those signals that goes with time it carries. It is continuous. The above examples are …
Commonly used raw materials include: 1. Plastics and products, 2. Aluminium and products, 3. Copper/brass and products, 4. Wood and products, 5. Glass and products. 1. Plastics and products: a. Acrylic sheet (North America call it plexiglass), tubing and strip; PVC sheet and tubing. (Fig. 55) Amber acrylic sheet and clear tubing (Fig. 56) PVC …
Adhesive are materials used to join objects together. Various adhesives are available for different purposes. Daily-used adhesives can be classified into two main types: (Fig. 38) (Fig. 39) (Fig. 40) (Fig. 41) Non chemical reaction type Chemical reaction type Type Features and products Type Features and products Let-dry type * with volatile solvent, sets when …
Tools needed for the program include: 1. Electric drill 2. Grinder/polisher 3. Pliers and cutter 4. Blind rivet 5. Vise grip 6. Bench vise 7. Soldering iron 8. Hot glue gun 9. Mini-working platform. 1. Electric drill： Available types are (i) bench drill (Fig.5), heavy duty and can undergo long term operation. (ii) Cordless drill (Fig.6), use …
